专题52 完形填空议论文
高考频度：★★☆☆☆
议论文是一种通过剖析事物或论述事理来提出主张或发表见解的文体。议论文分为两种，一种是夹叙夹议型，另一种是纯议论型。
议论文是一种剖析事理、论述事物、发表见解或提出主张的说理性文章。议论文的目的不仅是客观地解释事物，还力图说服读者相信并接受某一观点。议论文是高考完形填空题中较难的一种体裁，它一般由三个要素组成：论点、论据和结论。做好这类题的关键在于要抓住作者的论点。
议论文中对于论点的提出通常有三种形式：
1. 开门见山，直接提出论点
在有些议论文中作者开头就提出论点，通过论证，最后提出自己的看法，或提出另一个话题供大家讨论。一般来说，这种形式的议论文作者态度明确，我们也能很容易地把握作者对某一件事的看法。
2. 导入式提出论点
在有些议论文中，作者并不是直接提出自己的观点，而是通过对某一现象的论述来赞扬或批评某一事物，进而提出自己的观点，然后再用具体的论据去证明自己的观点。
3. 水到渠成式得出结论
在有些议论文中作者开头只是列举一系列生活中的现象，而不是表明自己的观点，通过对具体现象的分析，最后自然得出结论，而此结论就是文章的论点。
议论文形式的完形填空不像记叙文形式的完形填空那么有情景。因此，我们对整个文章的把握相对来说也难得多。解答这类题要遵循下列原则：
1. 从首尾句入手，抓住中心
议论文的写作思路一般为：提出问题→分析问题→解决问题。因此，文章的第一、二句话通常为文章的主题句，而文章的结尾句常为文章的结论。由此可见，我们必须充分利用文章的首尾句，推测出文章的中心，从而理解全文。
2. 紧扣信息词，把握作者观点
考生要弄清文章的行文逻辑，如转折关系、因果关系、递进关系、对比关系、让步关系、指代关系等。有时文章的第一、二段并不是作者的观点，而是对某个事物的介绍或描述，然后用信息词，如but，however，yet等将自己的观点引出，因此，阅读时一定要特别留意这些信息词。
3. 从语境入手，确定逻辑关系
句与句之间总要反映出因果、假设、条件、类推等逻辑关系。这些逻辑关系常常通过on the one hand, on the other hand, as a result, as aconsequence, on the contrary, above all, first of all, secondly, finally, incase等单词或短语表达出来。但有时作者并不使用这些单词或短语，而是将逻辑关系暗含于文章中，这就需要考生根据语境来确定逻辑关系。
4. 理清文章的论点、论据和结论
如果我们连论点、论据、结论都没把握住的话，只能是漫无目的地选择答案了。一般说来，能说明论点的答案可以在论据里得到印证，且作为论点的某些答案也可以与论据有机地结合起来，使论点与论据相辅相承，从而使整篇文章上下一致。如果我们所选的答案前后矛盾，论点与论据相悖，最后的结论与论点自相矛盾，那就说明我们对文章的把握缺乏条理性和系统性，我们就需重新来理顺文章的各部分，直到条理清楚为止，然后再根据自己对文章的把握及各部分的逻辑关系选出答案。
Childrenand young people tend to have certain role models – people they want to be likewhen they grow 1 . Though 2 children would have wished to copy their mother, father or a (n) 3 relative, gradually these role models are thought of as famouspeople or popular 4 .
Peoplehave different opinions about 5 popular stars or other famouspeople are good role models for children. Charming models, such as Katie Price, are often admired and 6 by young girls. This is thebiggest worry of parents and teachers. They wish to 7 the concept that success isachieved through hard work and 8 rather than an attractivelooking.
Mostpeople tend to grow up to be those who are 9 home – their parents or family friends. Some decide to be like their favoriteteacher. A child who lovesto 10 may want to grow to be the next Picassoor Van Gogh; Someone who loves to 11 might imagine themselves as afamous writer; if a child enjoys dancing, he or she 12 well admire a famous dancer, but this is not the 13 . A lot of dance students wish tobe like their 14 teacher.
Therefore,the job of a teacher is 15 just providing knowledge ofa given subject. They should be ableto 16 their students’ trustand 17 them well. Helping youngsters to learn from models, tolearn how to accept 18 with grace and losing withdignity, is central to any parent’s or teacher’s job. Manners are very important and a danceteacher can 19 his or her position and influenceto 20 good behaviors to youngsters.
1. A. younger B.stronger C. older D. taller
2. A. at first B. at last C. at least D. at most
3. A. generous B. humorous C. ordinary D.favorite
4. A. fans B.singers C. stars D. dancers
5. A. that B. whether C. why D. if
6. A. caught up with B. lookeddown upon C. thought highly of D. made fun of
7. A. hold B. encourage C. receive D. ignore
8. A. luck B. effort C.imagination D. creativity
9. A. similar to B. far from C. close to D.different from
10. A. read and write B. singand dance C. draw and paint D. listen and speak
11. A. dance B. think C. sing D.read
12. A. may B. should C. must D.need
13. A. case B. trouble C.matter D.deal
14. A. art B. music C. piano D.dance
15. A. better than B. more than C. rather than D.less than
16. A. accept B. lose C.receive D. gain
17. A. negotiate with B.communicate with C. keep up with D.put up with
18. A. challenging B. failing C. winning D.falling
19. A. take charge of B. losecontrol of C. get rid of D. make use of
20. A. introduce B. press C. turn D.push
【文章大意】这是一篇议论文。很多青少年都将名人或明星作为自己的偶像。人们对这种现象持不同观点。作者认为，作为教师或家长，他们的中心任务就是要引导青少年正确的向偶像学习，以正确的态度对待成功和失败。
1.C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。young年轻的；strong强壮的，结实的；old老的；tall高的。由语境可知，孩子和年轻人都有自己的偶像。他们长大之后想成为像自己偶像那样的人。故C选项切题。
2.A【解析】考查短语辨析。at first起初；at last最后；at least至少；at most至多。由后文的＂gradually＂可知，起初，孩子们会把自己的父母或亲戚作为自己的偶像。故A选项正确。
3.D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。generous慷慨的；humorous幽默的；ordinary普通的；favorite最喜欢的。由语境可知，孩子把亲戚作为自己的偶像，由此可以推知，这个亲戚肯定是他最喜欢的。故D选项切题。
4.C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。fan迷；singer歌手；star明星，星星；dancer跳舞者，舞蹈演员。由语境可知，逐渐地，孩子的偶像就会变成名人或明星。故C选项切题。下文第一句中亦有提示。
5.B【解析】考查宾语从句。由语境可知，人们对于以名人或明星作为偶像是否对孩子们好持不同观点。故B选项切题。
6.C【解析】考查动词短语辨析。catch up with赶上；look down upon看不起；think highly of高度赞扬；make fun of取笑。该空和前面的admire并列，年轻的女孩子们对Katie Price评价很高，经常赞美她，以她为偶像。故C选项切题。
7.B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。hold拿，握；encourage鼓励；receive收到；ignore忽略。由语境可知，父母希望鼓励这样一个观念：成功是通过努力获得的而不是通过迷人的外表获得的。故B选项切题。
8.B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。luck运气；effort努力；imagination想象力；creativity创造力。该空和前面的hard work并列，故B选项切题。成功是通过努力获得的。B选项切题。
9.C【解析】考查形容词短语辨析。similar to与……相似；far from远离……；close to离……近；different from和……不同。由后文的their parents or familyfriends可知，大部分人长大之后往往成为和自己离得近的人。故C选项切题。
10.C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。read and write读写；sing and dance唱歌跳舞；draw and paint画画和绘画；listen and speak听和写。Picasso or Van Gogh都是画家的名字，故可知，喜欢画画的孩子希望成为下一个毕加索或梵高。C选项切题。
11.D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。dance跳舞；think想，认为；sing唱；read读。由后文的＂writer＂可知，喜欢阅读的人希望自己成为一名作家。故D选项切题。
12.A【解析】考查情态动词。may可能，可以；should应该；must必须；need需要，必要。may well意为＂很可能＂。一个喜欢跳舞的人很可能想成为一名著名的舞蹈家。故A选项切题。
13.A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。case情况，案例，病例；trouble麻烦；matter事情，问题，物质；deal协定，交易，大量。由语境可知，情况并非总是如此。A选项切题。
14.D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。art艺术；music音乐；piano钢琴；dance舞蹈。很多学舞蹈的学生希望成为像他们舞蹈老师那样的人。故D选项切题。
15.B【解析】考查短语辨析。better than比……好；more than超过，比……多；rather than 而不是；less than比……少。由语境可知，老师的工作不仅仅只是向学生传授知识。B选项切题。
16.D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。accept接受；lose失去；receive收到；gain获得。由语境可知，老师应该能够获得学生的信任。故D选项切题。
17.B【解析】考查动词短语辨析。negotiate with和……谈判，协商；communicate with和……交流；keep up with 跟上；put up with容忍，忍受。由语境可知，老师应该获得学生的信任并且和学生进行良好的交流。故B选项切题。
18.C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。challenge挑战；fail失败；win获胜；fall落下，摔倒。由语境可知，教师或者父母的中心职责就是要帮助青少年像偶像学习，教给他们如何优雅地接受胜利，如何在失败的时候保持尊严。win和后文的lose对应。故C选项切题。
19.D【解析】考查动词短语辨析。take charge of负责，管理；lose control of失去对……的控制；get rid of摆脱，除去；make use of利用。由语境可知，舞蹈老师可以利用自己的职位和影响将好的行为介绍给青少年。故D选项切题。
20.A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。introduce介绍，引入；press按，压；turn翻转，转动；push推，逼迫。结合上一题解析可知，A选项切题。
题组一（高考真题）
Cloze 1(2015·福建卷)
One of the easiest things in the world isto become a fault-finder. However, life can be 1 when you are not busy finding fault with it.
Several years ago I 2 a letter fromseventeen-year-old Kerry, who described herself as a world-class fault-finder,almost always 3 by things. People were alwaysdoing things that annoyed her, and 4 was ever good enough. She was highly self-critical and also foundfault with her friends. She became a really 5 person.
Unfortunately, it took a horribleaccident to change her 6 . Her best friend was seriously hurt in a car crash. What made italmost 7 to deal with was that the daybefore the 8 , Kerry had visited her friendand had spent the whole time criticizing her 9 of boyfriends, the way she was living, the way she related to hermother, and various other things she felt she needed to 10 . It wasn’t until her friend was badly hurtthat Kerry became 11 her habit of finding fault. Very quickly, she learned to appreciatelife rather than to 12 everything so harshly(刻薄). She was able to transfer her new wisdom to other parts of her 13 as well.
Perhaps most of us aren’t as extreme at fault-finding, 14 when we’re honest, we can be sharply 15 of the world. I’m not suggesting you 16 problems, or that you pretendthings are 17 than they are, but simply thatyou learn to allow things to be as they are — 18 most of the time, and especially when it’s not a really big 19 .
Train yourself to ＂bite your tongue＂, and with a little 20 , you’ll get really good at lettingthings go. And when you do, you’ll get back your enthusiasm and love for life.
1. A. lonely B. great C.quiet D. uneasy
2. A. received B. answered C. expected D. rejected
3. A. threatened B.interrupted C. bothered D. spoiled
4. A. anything B. everything C. something D.nothing
5. A. caring B. boring C.interesting D. surprising
6. A. attitude B. plan C.measure D. explanation
7. A. urgent B. unnecessary C. certain D. impossible
8. A. occasion B. event C.accident D. adventure
9. A. memory B. notice C.evidence D. choice
10. A. hear B. contribute C. express D. admit
11. A. aware of B.afraid of C. curious about D.confused about
12. A. discuss B. realize C. judge D.settle
13. A. family B. life C.career D. education
14. A. so B. or C. but D. for
15. A. proud B. sure C.hopeful D. critical
16. A. face B. create C.solve D. ignore
17. A. rarer B. better C.stranger D. worse
18. A.at least B.at last C.byfar D.so far
19. A. task B. deal C.result D. duty
20. A. practice B. speech C.rest D. pity
Cloze 2 (2014·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)
As ageneral rule, all forms of activity lead to boredom when they are performed ona routine (常规) basis. As a matter of fact, we can see this 1 at work inpeople of all 2 .For example, on Christmas morning, children are excitedabout 3 with their new toys. But their 4 soon wearsoff and by January those 5 toys can be found put away in the basement. The world isfull of 6 stamp albums and unfinished models, each standing as amonument to someone’s 7 interest. When parents bring home a pet, their child 8 bathes it andbrushes its fur. Within a short time, however, the 9 of caring forthe animal is handed over to the parents. Adolescents enter high school withgreat 10 but are soon looking forward to 11 .The same istrue of the young adults going to college. And then, how many 12 , who nowcomplain (抱怨) about the long drives to work, 13 drove forhours at a time when they first 14 their driver’s licenses(执照)?Before people retire, they usually 15 to do a lotof 16 things, which they never had 17 to do whileworking. But 18 after retirement, the golfing, the fishing, the readingand all of the other pastimes become as boring as the jobs they 19 .And, likethe child in January, they go searching for new 20 .
1. A. principle B. habit C.way D.power
2. A. parties B. races C.countries D. ages
3. A. working B. living C.playing D. going
4. A. confidence B. interest C. anxiety D. sorrow
5. A. same B. extra C.funny D.expensive
6. A. well-organized B. colorfully-printed C. newly-collected D. half-filled
7. A. broad B. passing C. different D.main
8. A. silently B. impatiently C.gladly D.worriedly
9. A. promise B. burden C.right D.game
10. A. courage B. calmness C.confusion D. excitement
11. A. graduation B. independence C.responsibility D. success
12. A. children B. students C.adults D.retirees
13. A. carefully B. eagerly C.nervously D. bravely
14. A. required B. obtained C.noticed D. discovered
15. A. need B. learn C.start D.plan
16. A. great B. strange C.difficult D. correct
17. A. time B. money C.skills D.knowledge
18. A. only B. well C.even D.soon
19. A. lost B. chose C.left D.quit
20. A. pets B. toys C.friends D. colleagues
题组二（2017年名校模拟题）
Cloze 1(2019届山西省四校高三联考)
Imagine that your life is like a treasurehunt. One day, a particular goal 1 your attention and you decide to 2 on a treasure hunt. You begin the long hikeand encounter a 3 or two along the way. Already the 4 path is starting to look different from theburied treasure that you have been imagining. Things get 5 when you finally arrive at the spot. You sayto yourself, “This doesn’t look like the treasure I 6 imagined! I must be on the wrong path. I 7 all this time！”
You wonder，“Hmm ... maybe I should 8 goals？” after thinking for a few moments. It’s 9 to feel a sense of disappointment or 10 when this occurs, but I think the deeperproblem is 11 in how we approached the treasure in the firstplace.
The 12 is that most people spend all of their timethinking about the treasure. The fastest way to get to a particular spot, 13 ， is to set your compass and startwalking. The idea here is to commit to your goal with the strongest 14 .Develop a clear, single－minded 15 for where you are. And then 16 all of your energy to the journey and becommitted to the path you are walking.
In other words,your goal becomes your compass, not your buried treasure. The goal is your 17 ， not your destination. The goal isa mission that you are on, a path that you 18 .That is just fine and worthwhile,
19 comes from that path. It is the commitment towalking the path that 20 .
1. A. reminds B.turns C. pays D.grabs
2. A. set out B.work out C. give out D. turn out
3. A. challenge B.misfortune C. story D. surprise
4. A. smooth B.actual C.narrow D. false
5. A. better B.more complex C. more relaxing D. worse
6. A. hardly B.usually C. previously D. normally
7. A. forgot B.wasted C. valued D. managed
8. A. attain B.assess C.switch D.achieve
9. A. natural B.necessary C. obvious D. strange
10. A. failure B. confusion C. shame D.ignorance
11. A. buffed B.lost C.absorbed D. rooted
12. A. evidence B.lesson C. truth D. problem
13. A. anyway B.however C. otherwise D. therefore
14. A. belief B.feelings C. support D. nerves
15. A. habit B.desire C.focus D.interest
16. A. preserve B.improve C. research D. devote
17. A. dream B.motto C.direction D. schedule
18. A. follow B.show C.recommend D. demand
19. A. whichever B.whatever C. whoever D. whenever
20. A. deserves B.counts C.works D.gathers