1.【2019·新课标I卷·语法填空】 Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six ___70___ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
【答案】are
【解析】时态和考查主谓一致。根据three are declining，此处数词six作主语，代指前文中的“polar bear subpopulations”，故用复数谓语，一般现在时，故填are。
2.（2017·新课标卷II·短文改错）When summer came, they will invite their students pick the vegetables！
【答案】将came改为comes
【解析】考查时态。主句是是一般将来时，且本文全篇为一般现在时，故将came改为comes。
3. （2017·新课标卷I·语法填空）Fast food ___67___ (be) full of fat and salt; by 68 （eating） (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.
【答案】is
【解析】考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：快餐食物中满是脂肪和盐。fast food的意思是“快餐”，表示一类食物，为不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。故填is。
4. （2017·新课标卷III·语法填空）Sarah says, ＂My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment, school 69 (come) first. I don’t want to get too absorbed in modeling.
【答案】comes
【解析】考查动词的时态。根据语境可知Sarah认为当下应该是学业第一，说明现在的情况应该用一般现在时。
5. （2017·北京卷·单项填空） People______ better access to health care than they used to,and they’re living longer as a result.
A. will have B. have C. had D. had had
【答案】B
【解析】句意：人们有着比过去更好的医疗保健，所以他们更长寿。与过去对比是现在，所以than前一句话是用现在的时间，而且后一句用的就是现在时态，所以前面也用现在时态，故选B。
考向二 一般过去时
1. 表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常用yesterday，last year，in 1995，the other day等作时间状语。
It was a terrible piece of work you turned in yesterday. 你昨天上交的作业真是很糟糕。
He came to work here two weeks ago. 他两周前来这儿上班的。
2. 表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。
When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我小时候，经常在大街上踢足球。
Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome. Brown夫妇访问期间，不论走到哪里，都受到了热烈的欢迎。
3. 用于固定句型中。
It is time you went to bed. 到了你上床睡觉的时间了。
I’d rather you came tomorrow. 我宁愿你明天来。
4. wish, wonder, think, hope等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。
I thought you might have some. 我原以为你会有一些的。
Sorry, I didn’t see the sign over there. 对不起，我（刚才）没看见那边的指示牌。
5. 在时间状语从句、条件状语从句中代替过去将来时。
He said he would not go if it rained. 他说要是下雨，他就不去。
6. 有些句子，虽然没有明确的表示过去的时间状语，但实际上指的是过去发生的动作或状态，也要用一般过去时。常见的此类动词有know, think, expect等，表示＂本来认为＂。
I didn’t expect to meet you here. 我没想到会在这儿遇到你。
I thought he had heard the news. 我原以为他已经听说了这个消息。
1.（2019·江苏卷·单项填空）A few months after he had arrived in China, Mr. Smith ___________ in love with the people and culture there.
A. would fall B. had fallen C. has fallen D. fell
【答案D
【解析】考查动词的时态。句意：他到中国几个月后，就喜欢上了那里的人和文化。发生在had arrived之后的动作或状态应用一般过去时。故选D。
2. （2018·新课标I卷·单项填空）During my last winter holiday, I went to （加the）countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I find a big change there.
【答案】find改成found
【解析】考查动词时态。根据文章中的During my last winter holiday可知，事件发生在过去，故用一个过去时。故将find改成found。
3.（2017·新课标卷I·短文改错）Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor’s orders, so（改为but/yet） once I started the car, my mind goes blank, I forgot what he had said to me altogether.
【答案】goes改为went
【解析】考查时态。根据前文中的started可知时态为一般过去时，故将goes改为went。
4. （2017·新课标卷II·语法填空）Later, engineers ___68___(manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道）, which became known to the tube.
【答案】managed
【解析】考查动词的时态。此处表示过去的情况，所以这里也应用一般过去时，故填managed。
5. （2017·北京卷·单项填空）—______ that company to see how they think of our product yesterday?
—Yes. They are happy with it.
A. Did you call B. Have you called
C. Will you call D. Were you calling
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——你昨天有没有给那家公司打电话问问他们对我们的产品感觉怎么样？——打了，他们对产品很满意。空格所在题干有一个很明显的时间状语yesterday，发生在过去，肯定用过去时，故选A。
考向三 一般将来时
1. 一般将来时的定义
一般将来时表示在现在看来即将要发生的动作或存在的状态。常用时间副词tomorrow, soon或短语next year / week / month, in a few days, in the future, sometime 做状语。如：
What will you do this afternoon. 你今天下午干什么？
We will have a meeting tomorrow. 我们明天要开会。
He is going to study abroad next year. 明年他要出国学习。
2. 一般将来时的结构及应用
(1) shall / will + 动词原形。表示即将发生的动作或存在的状态。特别是表示客观性的事情或在某条件下要发生的事情，只能用此结构。如：
What shall we do if he doesn’t come? 如果他不来，我们该怎么办？
Will you be free this evening? 今天晚上有空吗？
I think he will tell us the truth. 我想他会告诉我们真实情况的。
(2) be going to + 动词原形。表示已经计划或安排好了的事情，也可表示有迹象表明肯定要发生的事情。如：
We are going to have a meeting to discuss the matter this evening. 今天晚上开会讨论这件事情。
Look at the black clouds over there. I think it is going to rain soon. 看一看那边的乌云，我想天要下雨了。
There is going to be an English evening this week. 本周要举行一个英语晚会。
(3) be to + 动词原形。表示一种常规性的活动或注定要做的事情。如：
Who is to clean the classroom today? 今天该谁打扫教室了？
When are you to return your library book? 你什么时候要还图书？
The bridge is to be completed by the end of this year. 这渡桥该在今年年底前完工。
(4) be about to + 动词原形。表示就要做或正好要做的事情。往往暗含一种时间上的巧合，因此，句子不能再用时间状语。如：
Don’t leave. Li Lei is about to come. 不要走了，李蕾就要来了。
Be quiet. The concert is about to start. 安静下来，音乐演唱会就要开始了。
(5) be +现在分词。表示即将发生的动作或存在的状态。这个句型中动词主要是瞬间动词：come, go, leave, arrive, begin, start, stop, close, open, die, join, borrow, buy等。如：
Go ahead, and I’m coming. 走前面一点吧，我就来。
The dog is dying. 那条狗要死了。
Hurry up. The shop is closing. 快点，商店就要关门了。
(6) 一般现在时。表示一种严格按照计划进行的动作。比方说，上课、飞机起飞、火车离站等。如：
Don’t hurry. The meeting starts at a quarter past eight. 不要匆忙，回忆八点过一刻开始。
The bus goes back at four thirty. 汽车四点返回。
1.—Dr. Jackson is not in his office at the moment.
—All right. I___________ him later.
A. will call B. have called
C. call D will be calling
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——Dr. Jackson现在不在办公室。——好的，我待会再打给他。由later可知，表示的是将来要执行的动作，用一般将来时。故选A。
2. More expressways in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy.
A. are being built B. will be built
C. have been built D. had been built
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态。本句为时态题，根据时间状语soon可知，考查了将来时，且此处表示被动，故选择B。句意：四川将建设更多的高速公路以促进当地的经济。
【名师点睛】本题考查时态。英语中的时态是靠动词的变化来体现的，在具体做题时，需要关注的是时间状语。因此，考生在做本题时，需要先找出时间状语soon，然后才能准确判断时态是一般将来时。通过观察选项可知，选项A是现在进行时；选项B是一般将来时；选项C是现在完成时；选项D是过去完成时。故选择B。
3.As you go through this book, you ________ that each of the millions of people who lived through World War II had a different experience.
A. will find B. found
C. had found D. have found
【答案】A
【解析】一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或情况。在一般将来时的句子中，有时有表示将来时间的状语，有时没有时间状语，这时要从意思上判断是否指未来的动作或情况。句意：当你通读这本书的时候，你将会发现成千上万的经历过二战的每个人都有不同的经历。根据句意，判断主语的时态为一般将来时，故选A
【名师点睛】本题旨在考查句子的时态，要求学生明确地掌握各个时态的定义以及它们在时间上的划分段和用法。“助动词will或shall+动词原形”这一形式，表示将来发生的事情，用于征求对方的意见或表示客气的邀请。现在完成时表示到说话时为止（或到现在为止）已经发生或完成了（不一定结束）的动作或状态，共有四种主要用法：一、现在完成时表示影响；二、现在完成时表示持续；三、现在完成时表示重复；四、现在完成时表示将来。而在此题中As you go through this book是一个现在时了，所以后文就不能出现过去时或过去完成时。虽然在此题中没有明确的时间状语，但从意思上还是可以理解出来的。
4. Unless some extra money________, the theatre will be close.
A. was found B. finds
C. is found D. found
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。句意：除非找到一些额外的钱，否则，剧院就倒闭了。根据主句的将来时态可知，状语从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时，因为find和money之间是被动关系，所以用一般现在时的被动语态。故选C。
【名师点睛】本题考查一般现在时表将来和被动语态。Unless引导条件状语从句。表示让步、相似、比例的从句也必须用一般现在时表将来。如：
You will fail to arrive there in time unless you start earlier. 除非你早点动身，否则你就不能及时赶到那儿。
I’ll follow him wherever he goes. 他去哪儿，我就跟着去哪儿。
Whatever you say, I won’t pay. 无论你说什么，我都不会付钱。
Whether we help him or not, he will fail. 无论我们帮他与否，他都会失败。
The more you eat, the fatter you will become. 你吃得越多就会越胖。考生要注意归纳总结。
题组一 基础过关
单项填空
1. In the Himalayas, large tracks have been discovered which some people say ___________ the Wild Man.
A. belonging to B. belong to
C. are belonging to D. to belong to
2. Frank ___________ stamps in his spare time. It’s his hobby.
A. is collecting B. collects
C. collected D. was collecting
3. Honesty ___________ an important role in a child’s ability to succeed in school and later life.
A. played B. plays
C. had played D. has played
4. The dictionary still ___________ where I ___________ it moment ago.
A. lies；lay B. lied；lay
C. laid；laid D. lies；laid
5. Different types of teas ___________ by skilled tea-tasters before appearing in the Tea Trade Centre.
A. are tasted B. were tasted
C. tasted D. have tasted
6. Mary cleverly met the customer’s requirements that you ___________ to deal with, so she won the competition.
A. failed B. fail
C. may fail D. must fail
7. My TV had just been repaired, so I ___________ to the pub to watch the World Cup final match last night.
A. needn’t had gone B. didn’t need to go
C. needn’t have gone D. mustn’t have gone