专题28 让步状语从句
高考频度：★★★☆☆
让步状语从句是状语从句中的一种。
一般翻译为＂尽管……即使……＂就是我们日常生活中用的＂退一步说……＂的感觉。
引导让步状语从句的连词主要有以下这些：though, although, as; even if, even though; whether...or...; no matter+疑问词，疑问词-ever。下面对这些连词引导的让步状语从句作一说明。
1. although/though引导的让步状语从句
although和though，都作＂虽然；尽管＂解，通常可以换用，although的语气较重。如果要强调＂但是＂语气，可使用yet，still或nevertheless来表示＂但是＂、＂依然＂或＂然而＂之意。
Although they havebeen talking for a long time, he cannot make her believe him.
虽然和她谈了半天，他还是不能让她信任自己。
We had to wait half an hour ________we had already booked a table.
A. since B. although C. until D. before
【参考答案】B
【答案解析】句意：尽管我们已经预定了桌子，但还是等了半小时。分析句子结构可知，此处是让步状语从句，所给四个选项中只有although可以引导让步状语从句。故选B。
2. even if/even though引导的让步状语从句
（1）even if引导的让步状语从句
even if ＂即使，纵然＂，从句表示的是尚未发生的动作或存在的情况。
Even if it rainstomorrow, we won’t change our plan. 即使明天下雨，我们也决不改变计划。
Even if I failedagain, I will not give up the experiment. 即使我再次失败，我也决不会放弃实验。
（2） even though引导的让步状语从句
even though＂虽然，尽管＂，从句所表示的是已经发生的动作或存在的情况，通常可以和although/though换用。
Even though I didn’tunderstand a word, I kept smiling. 即使我一个字也不懂，我还是保持微笑。
Even though you sayso, I do not believe it. 即使你这样说，我也不信。
（2016·北京卷﹒单项填空）My grandfather still plays tennis now and then,_______________ he’s in his nineties.
A. as long as B.as if C. even though D. in case
【参考答案】C
【答案解析】考查状语从句。句意：即使九十多岁了，我的爷爷仍然时不时地打打网球。A.as long as只要，引导条件状语从句；B.as if似乎，引导方式状语从句或表语从句；C. even though即使，引导让步状语从句；D.in case以防，引导目的状语从句。这里是转折关系，故选C。
3. as引导的让步状语从句
as引导让步状语从句时，意为＂尽管，虽然＂，从句多位于主句之前，而且必须使用倒装语序。通常如果从句中有形容词或名词作表语，则把表语置于句首，而且名词前要省略冠词；如果从句中有修饰动词的副词，则将该副词置于句首；如果从句中有情态动词，则将情态动词后的动词原形置于句首。此用法与though的倒装完全一致。(although无此用法)
Much as I admire his courage, I don’t think he actedwisely. 我虽然佩服他的勇气，但我认为他这样做是不聪明的。
Strong as you maybe, you cannot lift it. 虽然你可能很有力气，你却无法把它提起来。
Child as he is, he is very brave.尽管他还是个孩子，但是他很勇敢。
1._________， his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting.
A. Strange as might it sound
B. As it might sound strange
C. As strange it might sound
D. Strange as it might sound
2._________， Carolina couldn’t get the door open.
A. Try as she might B.As she might try
C. She might as try D. Might she as try
【参考答案】1.D 2.A
【答案解析】分析句子结构可知，以上两题都是有as引导的让步状语从句，因此要要倒装语序。
4. while引导的让步状语从句
while＂虽然，尽管＂，多用于正式文体，且多位于句首，相当于although。
While I understand your point of view, I do not share it. 我虽了解你的观点，但不敢苟同。
While I sympathize, I really can’t do very much to help. 虽然我很同情，但我确实帮不了什么忙。
（2016·浙江卷﹒单项填空）_____________ online shopping has changed our life,not all of its effects have been positive.
A. Since B. After C. While D. Unless
【参考答案】C
【答案解析】句意：尽管网上购物已经改变了我们的生活，但不是所有的影响都是积极的。while引导让步状语从句，意为＂尽管，虽然＂；since既然，自从；after在……之后；unless除非。故选C。
5. 疑问词-ever与no matter+疑问词引导的让步状语从句
（1）whatever/no matter what引导的让步状语从句
whatever和no matter what用法相同，都作＂无论什么＂解，后者多用于非正式文体。
Whatever/No matter what he says, don’t go. 不管他说什么，你都不要走。
We are determined to fulfill the task, whatever/no matter what happens. 不管发生什么，我们决心完成这项任务。
（2） whichever/no matter which引导的让步状语从句
whichever和no matter which用法相同，都作＂无论哪个＂解，后者多用于非正式文体。
Whichever/No matterwhich you buy, there is a six-month guarantee. 不论你买哪个，都有六个月的保修期。
Whichever/No matterwhich of the two men had stolen her purse, Barbara was determined to find them.不管是这两个人中的谁偷了她的钱包，芭芭拉都决心找到他们。
（3）whoever/no matter who引导的让步状语从句
whoever和no matter who用法相同，都作＂无论谁＂解，后者多用于非正式文体。
You can’t come in,whoever you are. 不管你是谁，都不能进来。
Whoever/No matterwho wants to speak to me on the phone, tell him I’m busy. 不管谁要我接电话，就说我现在正忙着呢。
（4） wherever/no matter where引导的让步状语从句
wherever和no matter where用法相同，都作＂无论在（或到）哪里＂解，后者多用于非正式文体。
Wherever/No matterwhere you go, I’m right here waiting for you. 无论你到哪里，我都依然在这里等着你。
（5）however/no matter how引导的让步状语从句
however和no matter how用法相同，都作＂无论如何……＂解，后者多用于非正式文体。
However much youregret doing that, there is nothing you can do about it now. 无论你可能多么懊悔你曾经做过的事，现在也无济于事了。
However high it maybe, it can’t reach the sky. 它不论有多高，也高不到天上去。
（6） whenever/no matter when引导的让步状语从句
whenever和no matter when用法相同，都作＂无论何时＂解，后者多用于非正式文体。
Whenever I’munhappy, he cheers me up. 不管什么时候我不高兴，他都给我鼓劲儿。
1._________， I have to put it away and focus myattention on study this week.
A. Howeverthe story is amusing
B. Nomatter amusing the story is
C. Howeveramusing the story is
D. Nomatter how the story is amusing
【参考答案】C
【答案解析】句意：无论故事多么有趣，这个星期我都得把它放起来而专注学习。分析句子结构及选项可知，此处应是however引导的让步状语从句。选项中no matter how所引导的状语从句语序不正确。故选C。
2. You should try to get a good night’s sleep________much work you have to do.
A. however B. no matter
C. although D. whatever
【参考答案】A
【答案解析】句意：无论有多么多的工作要做，你都应该晚上睡好。分析句子结构可知，＂________much work you have to do＂是让步状语从句，此处表示＂多么＂，且修饰形容词much应用however。故选A。
6. (no matter) whether...or引导的让步状语从句
由这一个复合连词引导的让步状语从句旨在说明正反两个方面的可能性都不会影响主句的意向或结果。如：
You’ll have toattend the ceremony whether you’re free or busy. 不管你忙不忙，都要参加这个典礼。
Whether you believeit or not, it’s true.无论你是否相信，这都是真的。
— Dad, I’ve finishedmy assignment.
— Good, and ________you play or watch TV, you mustn’t disturb me.
A.whenever B. whether
C. whatever D. nomatter
【参考答案】B
【答案解析】句意：——爸爸，我的作业完成了。——好，无论你玩耍还是看电视，都不能打扰我。根据语境可知，此处是whether…or…引导的让步状语从句。故选B。
题组一 能力过关
I.用适当连接词填空，用以引导让步状语从句
1.（2017·北京卷）Their research also suggests how we maybuild lasting memories over time _________the synapses become thinner.
2. （2017·江苏卷）_________ clean energy is increasingly used in ourdaily life, global warming will continue for some decades after CO2emissions（排放）peak.
3.While high schooldoes not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life, collegesets the stage for that exploration.
4.(2017·新课标卷II)The friendship that grew out of the experience ofmaking that film and The Sting fouryears later had its root in the fact that ________ there was an age difference, we both came froma tradition of theater and live TV.
5. (2017·新课标卷II)Though the movie is 30 years old, most of the 250seats were filled with teary-eyed audience wanting to say good-bye to the oldbuilding.
II.单项填空
1. _________ the studentsfound the soldier’s idea interesting, the system for the blind was toodifficult to be of practical use.
A.As B. Since C.While D.When
2.Today, both male and femaleathletes from around the world can take part in the Olympics, _________nationthey come from.
A.no matter B.whatever C. what D.no matter where
3.The engineers are so busythat they have no time for sports activities, _________they have the interest.
A. even if B.asif C.whenever D. wherever
4.This is a very interestingbook. I’ll buy it, ________.
A. how much may it cost B.nomatter how it may cost
C. however much it may cost D.whatever may it cost
5.______these different formsof greeting and customs might seem strange to you, remember _____you considernormal probably seems just as unusual to others.
A.As; what B.As;that
C. While; what D.While; that
6.________, the football gamewas decided not to put off.
A. Heavily as did it rain B.Asit rained heavily
C.As heavily it rained D.Heavily as it rained
7.My professor’s son wasambitious of being a soldier________ he was so weak and thin.
A. because B.while
C. though D.asthough
8.We will hold a meeting tosum up our experience _________we finish our task.
A.in case B.even though
C. despite D.immediately
9.He will never give up thechance to go abroad for further education _________the situation is.
A. whatever B.however
C. whenever D.wherever
10.Jackson is cheerful abouthis life _______ he is suffering from cancer.
A. even if B.aslong as
C.as if D.ever since
III. 语法填空
A Japanese company has just invented Pepper, ahuman-like robot. It has arms and hands, but has no legs. Pepper can speak 17languages and 1 (have) a display(显示器) on its chest, in which you can type in many different 2 (command). The robot’s artificial intelligencesystem can read different kinds of human emotions. It can also read, answerquestions and react 3 thefeelings of people.
Pepper gets its information from 4 series of cameras, as well as facial and voicerecognition software. It 5 (connect)to the Internet where it gets information from a database. Special safetyfeatures make it almost impossible for the software 6 (crash). Pepper is a learning robot thatbecomes better and better in recognizing human 7 (behave).
The market demand for robots is growing andbecause of its 8 (rapid)aging population, Japan is one of the 9 (large)markets in the world. 10 manycompanies have been creating robots for various purposes, very little has beendone to get robots to work on the emotional level. Pepper is the first machinethat can do just that.
题组二 体验真题
1. (2017·北京)__________ birds use theirfeathers for flight, some of their feathers are for other purposes.
A. Once B. If C.Although D. Because
2.(2015·安徽)______ he once felt like giving up, he now has the determination topush further and keep on going.
A. Where B.As C. In case D.Now that
3.（2015·安徽）______ scientists have learned a lot about the universe, there ismuch we still don’t know.
A. Once B. Since C. Though D. Unless
4.(2014·北京)_______ the forest park is faraway, a lot of tourists visit it every year.
A. As B.When C. Even though D. In case
题组一 能力过关
I.用适当连接词填空，用以引导让步状语从句
1. even though
2.While/Though/Although
3.While/Though/Although
4. although
5. Though/Although
II. 单项填空
1.C
【解析】考查连词。as＂正如，因为＂；since＂自从，既然＂；while＂当……时候，尽管＂；when＂当……时候＂。结合该句两个主谓结构表示的意思可知，该空应表示让步＂尽管……＂，＂尽管学生们觉得这位士兵的观点很有趣，但供盲人使用的这个系统太难以致没有实用价值＂，故选C项。
2.B
【解析】考查让步状语从句。结合句意＂现在来自世界各地的运动员都可以参加奥运会，不论他们来自哪个国家＂；该空引导让步状语从句，且可修饰名词nation，故用whatever或no matter what，选B项。
3.A
【解析】考查状语从句。even if＂即使＂；as if＂好像＂；whenever＂不论何时＂；wherever＂不论在哪儿＂。结合该句句意，即使工程师们有兴趣，他们也是太忙以致于没有时间参加体育活动，故选A项。
4.C
【解析】考查让步状语从句。句意：这是一本很有意思的书，无论多贵，我都会买的。B项少了much，所以选C。
5.C
【解析】考查让步状语从句和宾语从句连接词。句意：虽然这些打招呼的方式和习俗对你好像有点陌生，但是记住，你认为很正常的东西对似乎对他人恰好是不寻常的。分析句意可知，第一空应使用让步状语连词，as引导让步状语从句时，必须倒装；分析句子成分可知，第二空引导的是remember的宾语从句，连接词充当从句的宾语，表＂考虑的东西＂，应用连词what；that引导名词性从句时，只起连接作用，不充当句子成分。故选C。
6.D
【解析】考查让步状语从句。句意为：尽管雨下得很大，但这次足球赛未被推迟。as表示＂尽管＂，引导让步状语从句时，可将修饰动词的副词提前致句首，从句部分用陈述语序，故选D项。
7.C
【解析】考查连词。我的教授的儿子尽管身体又弱又瘦，他还是有当一名军人的志向。be ambitious of是固定搭配，表示＂有……的野心，有……的志向＂。though引导让步状语从句。故选C。
8.B
【解析】考查连词。in case＂以防万一＂；even though＂即使＂；despite＂尽管，不管＂；immediately＂一……就……＂。句意：即使我们完成我们的任务，我们也将举行一次会议来总结经验。故选B。
9.A
【解析】考查让步状语从句的引导词。句意：不管是什么情况，他都不会放弃去国外深造的机会。所填词引导让步状语从句,并在从句中作表语,意为＂无论什么样＂，故用whatever。此处whatever可用no matter what替换。
10.A
【解析】考查状语从句。句意：杰克逊即使患了癌症，对生活依旧乐观。A. even if＂即使＂，引导让步状语从句；B. as long as＂只要＂，引导条件状语从句；C. as if ＂似乎＂，引导方式状语从句；D. ever since＂自从……以来＂，引导时间状语从句。故选A。
III. 语法填空
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了日本发明的机器人Pepper。
1.has
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。此处介绍的是一种客观情况，故需用一般现在时;又因句子的主语Pepper为第三人称单数，故其谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。
2.commands
【解析】考查名词复数。Pepper的胸口有一个显示器，你可以在这个显示器中输入许多不同的指令。根据空前的"many different"和提示词command作"命令，指令"讲时为可数名词可知，此处应用其复数形式。
3.to
【解析】考查介词。它也可以阅读，回答问题并对人们的情感作出回应。react to..."对……作出反应"，为固定用法。
4.a
【解析】考查冠词。a series of..."一系列……"为固定用法。
5.is connected
【解析】考查时态和语态。此处应用一般现在时表示客观情况;再结合动词connect与主语It(指代Pepper)之间为被动关系可知，此处应用其被动语态。
6.to crash
【解析】考查非谓语动词。特殊的安全性能使得这个软件几乎不可能崩溃。此处为"动词+宾语+宾语补足语+to do"结构。故填to crash。
7.behavio(u)r
【解析】考查词性转换。Pepper是一个学习型机器人，它在识别人类行为方面变得越来越好。分析句子结构可知，空处应用名词作宾语，故填behavio(u)r。
8.rapidly
【解析】考查词性转换。此处表示"由于其快速老龄化的人口"，故应用副词rapidly"快速地，迅速地"修饰形容词aging。
9.largest
【解析】考查形容词最高级。日本是世界上最大的(机器人)市场之一。根据空前的"one of the"和下文的"markets"可知，此处应用形容词large的最高级形式largest，构成"one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数"结构，表示"最……的……之一"。
10.【解析】考查让步状语从句。虽然许多公司出于各种各样的目的制作机器人，但使机器人在情感层面上起作用的少之又少。所以此处应用While/Although/Though"虽然，尽管"引导让步状语从句。
题组二 体验真题
1.C
【解析】A. Once 一旦 B.If 如果 C. Although 尽管 D. Because因为。句意：尽管鸟儿们用羽毛来飞翔，但是他们的一些羽毛还有其他用途。根据语境可知前后之间是让步关系，故选C。
2.A
【解析】句意：曾经让他感到想放弃的地方，现在他决心继续前进。A那里；B尽管，当，因为，随着；C以防；D既然。where表示地点，引导让步状语从句；as引导让步状语从句常用倒装，即tried as he has；in case表目的；now that表原因。这里指让他感到想放弃的地方，故选A。
3.C
【解析】句意：虽然科学家已经了解到很多有关宇宙的知识，但是，我们仍然不知道的还有很多。A一旦；B既然，自从；C虽然；D除非。once和unless表示条件，since表示原因或时间；though表示让步或转折。这里是转折含义，故选C。
4.C
【解析】考查状语从句。句意：尽管那个森林公园很远，但是还是有许多游客每年到这里游览。根据题干信息，应该是＂即使（尽管）那个森林公园很远，每年还是有很多人去参观。＂由此判断，从句为让步状语从句，应选连接词even though。本题选C。In case用于引导目的状语从句，表示＂以防＂、＂以免＂。